Lab 10 Flowchart

My Histogram from Lab 07

Nice isn't it

Modeling The World Highlights

Modeling the World Highlights

Review by Craig McClain

“In 1894 Heinrich Hertz published his Principles of Mechanics which attempted […] to purge mechanics of metaphysical, mystical, undefined, unmeasured entities such as force and to base the theory explicitly on measurable quantities. Hertz wanted to be as clear, rigorous, and concise as possible, so that implicit, and perhaps unnecessary, concepts could be eliminated from physical theories, [which he thought should be based solely on measurable quantities].”

A model is any complete and consistent set of verbal arguments, mathematical equations or computational rules which are thought to correspond to some other entity, its prototype. The prototype can be a physical, biological, social psychological or other conceptual entity. In the natural sciences, models are used as tools for dealing with reality. They are caricatures of the real system specifically build to answer questions about it.

Modeling serves several purposes: Data analysis, interpretation, control, prediction and understanding are central. Data analysis and interpretation allow hypothesis testing, parameter testing and making statements about the object phrased in a language that only refers to the model. Prediction, as Hertz emphasized, is obviously the crucial objective of modeling. Using models, Science attempts to forecast and control consequences at many levels from, for example, drug effects to atmospheric increase in carbon dioxide. Control can be viewed as a special kind of prediction answering how to modify or perturb a system to achieve a desired end.

The concept of understanding is illusive, but implies a simplification in modeling to the degree that the model is immediately and intuitively understandable. This does not mean that the model used can be understood directly, but that key aspects should be. It could well be possible to have admirable models that are opaque: A complete model of a cell, in all its details, capable of perfectly predicting its behavior would be a major scientific and computational achievement from a prediction standpoint, but it would fail to explain the cell, as it would be in some sense “just” a formal copy of a cell. For a model to increase our understanding of the World, it needs to strip reality from unnecessary details, and capture the fundamental processes that cause the phenomenon we wish to understand with the model. Indeed, presented with the fully detailed model of the cell, a student might rightly ask “How does it work?” Understanding implies some simplification and approximation relative to reality – and its perfect facsimiles.

Models (or theories) and experimental observations go hand in hand. Models cannot exist without experiments. The experiment is the basis of the scientific method, while the theory is only relevant once the experimental observations have been made. The role of theory is to reduce complexity.

In summary, the modeling process can be conveniently divided into the following three

Step: i) The formulation of the scientific problem in mathematical or computational terms.

Step ii) the solution of the mathematical or computational problem thus created.

Step iii) the interpretation of the solution and its empirical verification in scientific terms.

Step

1

Understand the problem. We must read it carefully to discover what it asks us to find. This is the unknown. We must discover what facts are given to us. These are the data. Explain the question to other people. Draw a figure. Introduce suitable notation.

Step

2

Formulate a plan (a model!). Find the connection between the data and the unknown. You may need to consider auxiliary problems. We develop a suitable plan for modeling our problem; using the data we have been given. We ask ourselves such questions as is this a familiar problem? Have you seen it before? Do you know a related or analogous problem? Do I have sufficient information to answer it?

Step

3

Carry out our plan. Calculate the model using all data and conditions. Do all the calculations, and check them as they go along. Ask: “Can I see it is right?” and then,

“Can I prove it is right?”

Step

4

Looking back. Examine the solution obtained. Can you check the result? Can you derive the solution differently? Were the modeling predictions correct?

UNIX Commands

Unix is a secure Operating System that is use in the indiana steel, account.
Unix commands are used in the Unix Operating System
Here are some commands that I learned to use in Lab 05

~cd this command moves you into a new directory

~ls this command lists the files in the directory that you are currently in

~mv this is the move command, it allows the user to change the name of a saved html, and irt also allows the user to move the html to different folders

~clear this command clears the screen of all of the data on the screen

Try Fingering me sometime in Unix with : cnmcclai

Lab 2 Response to lecture notes

The main parts of this lecture are listed below. I believe that these are the three keywords and thoughts to take from the first lecture.

Semantics:the content or meaning of the SIGN of a THING for an AGENT; it studies all aspects of the relation between signs and objects for an agent, in other words, the study of meaning.

Syntax:the characteristics of signs and symbols devoid of meaning; it studies all aspects of the relation among signs such as their rules of operation, production, storage, and manipulation.

Pragmatics:the context of signs and repercussions of sign-systems in an environment; it studies how context influences the interpretation of signs and how well a sign-system represents some aspect of the environment.

Everything in the would means something to everyone. When this THING is set up to mean one THING, that is when people begin to be taught that it means one THING and one THING only. The society is built apon these meanings which keeps the society developed. The information that is represented and recieved begins to be the same amoung everyone, and this means that the society is connected through the same thoughts.

This will take you to the lecture 1 notes
Einstein
This will take you to Infoport

Comment on Library of Babel

It seems as though the cretion of this massive library of babel, has the solution to all of the troubles in the world. At the same time, though with it possible to contain every thing imaginable, greed starts to run through people and the men wandering from thier hexegons begin killing the other people, to contain the information. The library is a great thing, but as the reading said many of the libarians have died, and now there are few for a person to come by, this makes the athority, and helpfulness very limited, which may create havoc. INFOPORT

Hello

Hello to all that have ventured onto my blog.